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Operation Mare Nostrum
Operation Mare Nostrum was a year-long naval and air operation commenced by the Italian government on October 18, 2013 to tackle the increased immigration to Europe during the second half of 2013 and migratory ship wreckages off Lampedusa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mare Nostrum Operation )〕 During the operation at least 150,000 migrants, mainly from Africa and the Middle East, arrived safely to Europe.
==Operation==
The operation was named after Mare Nostrum, the ancient Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. The European Commission provided financial support for the operation with €1.8 million from the External Borders Fund. Mare Nostrum was operated by the Italian Navy and saw ships operating near the coast of Libya.〔
The operation's search and rescue component is claimed by advocacy groups like the European Council on Refugees and Exiles to have saved thousands of lives, but the operation was politically unpopular and extremely costly for just one EU state.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Italy in talks with EU to share responsibility for boat migrants )〕 The Italian government had requested additional funds in order to continue the operation, from the other EU member states, but they did not offer the requested support.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Italy Is About to Shut Down the Sea Rescue Operation That Saved More Than 90,000 Migrants This Year )〕
The operation ended on 31 October 2014 and was superseded by Frontex's Operation Triton, which operates a smaller search and rescue capability. Unlike Mare Nostrum, Operation Triton focused on border protection rather than search and rescue, and operates closer to the Italian coast〔 The termination of Mare Nostrum has been criticized as a cause of the increased death rate among migrants to Europe in the Mediterranean, which increased tenfold between 2014 and 2015. Two major migrant shipwreck disasters which together killed more than 1000 people within the span of a week in April 2015 led to calls to renew the operation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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